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)
Kossuth
is said to be the politician of the 19th century, he was at the short
highest point of his career the first president of Hungary. The sun of
a poor noble family fought as lawyer for the rights of the Hungarians,
the critic he had about the Habsburg administration brought him into
prison for three years. Except the creation of a national state the
freeing of the farmers and a constitution that guarantees equal rights
were his political aims. In the dynamic 40's of his century he
followed not only his liberal aims, but also succeeded in introducing
the Hungarian language as official language. During the revolution
1848/49 he first took over department of finances in the first
government that was responsible against the parliament and not against
the emperor. When the young emperor Franz Joseph I tried to abolish the
achievements of the revolutions it has been Kossuth who proclaimed on
April 14th 1849 the independence of Hungary, although he always planned
to create a democratic Habsburgian monarchy in Hungary. With help of
Russian troops the Austrians succeeded in the reconquest of Hungary and
Kossuth had to flee abroad. His political aims he kept on and did not
return to Hungary as long he lived. He opposed against the compromise
that was found in the Austrian-Hungarian "Ausgleich" in
1867, without success, the double monarchy confirmed Hungary's
role as part of the Habsburg State. In 1894 Kossuth died in his exile,
but he is buried in Hungary, where he is surely not forgotten, just see
the streets, places and buildings wearing his name.
)
The
name Antall is connected to the change of systems. When the communistic
regime of Kádár has collapsed and the first free
elections had taken place a strong conservative majority dominated the
parliament. Antall became Prime Minister in April 1990. His
administration had to change the economic and law system, during this
time the soviet troops left and the country had to look for a new
position in a changed Europe. Antall has been the politician who
succeeded to change the state in shortest time. Although the society
was naturally divided during this time it has been the accomplishment
of Antall to limit the revolutious tendencies to a peaceful
transformation. The dignified style of this politician is well worth
reminding - not so is the style of most the others. Antall died in
December 1993, a little time before the second free elections.
)
A
quite unknown Hungarian is the linguist Sándor Kőrösi
Csoma, doubtless a great explorer of oriental languages. Born 1784 in
Transsylvania he was inspired by the stories about the from central
Asia immigrated Hungarians. The language genius - he had learned more
than ten European and Asian languages - first worked as teacher for
languages. But he was magical torn to the East. At the age 35 he
started his search for the former homeland of the Hungarians. Within
five years he reached Kashmir after a lot of privations. The Ujgurs he
thought to be the forefathers of the Magyars, but on the way there he
was hold back by the rough climate again and again. He was enthusiast
about the old Tibetan culture and wrote the first dictionary and
grammar of Tibetan in English. 1833 he was elected member of the
Hungarian Academy of Sciences. On his further expeditions he explored
several more Indian languages until he died in 1842 in Darjeeling by
malaria. The man who did so much to explore Asian languages neither
returned to the homeland of the modern Hungarians, nor found he the
historical one.
)
Among
the pioneers of chemics and physics an own chapter is reserved to the
farmers son and Benedict's monk Ányos Jedlik. When he
finished the visit of the Benedict's gymnasium in those days to
Hungary belonging Bratislava he joined that order. But teaching and
research determined his life. He worked in Győr first and later again
in Pest. His ambitions of research were broad, treatment of cholera
with artificial soda belongs to his merit, but also the invention of
the dynamo - he was predecessor of Siemens. On the expo in Vienna in
1873 his inventions were presented. He became member of the Hungarian
Academy of Sciences and rector of the University of Pest.
)
The
name Rákóczi is at the birth of Ferenc since generations
connected to wars and rebellions against the Habsburgs. His fate seems
to be predicated. The earl of Transsylvania might be the most stubborn
and most successful rebel Austria had to fight against. Just the Turks
had been at Vienna the second time and were defeated there in 1683.
Just the Habsburgian troop drove the occupiers out of the country so
seemed especially to the protestant Hungarians in the East that only
the colonists changed. 1703 the Hungarians went against the new lords
in a military strategic moment, because the Vienna court took place in
the Spain Succession War. Until 1707 the Hungarians succeeded in
driving the Austrians out nearly all the country. The light Hungarian
cavalry was frightened, but unable to keep the mighty Austrian forces
out of Hungary. Mainly the allies France and Russia helped the earl of
Transsylvania only a very little. The French wanted to get the own
dynasty on the Spanish throne, weakling Habsburg in the East was less
important, although binding military forces at the Hungarian front were
welcome. The war ended in 1711, but the peace treaty mainly repeated
Habsburgian rights. Rákóczi choose the exile and left
Hungary forever.
)
Ingenious
newer of this time was count István Széchenyi. He
initiated not only the first bridging between Buda and Pest, the famous
chain bridge, but also the academy of the sciences, the navigable
making of the iron gate and afterwards steam shipping on the Danube and
much more.)
Imre
Nagy had survived as communistic party official all the Stalinist
Clearings. When Stalin died the strong man of the CP
Mátyás Rákosi handed over the office of Prime
Minister to Imre Nagy. The new government loosened the strict regime,
closed the concentration camps and released some political prisoners.
But the external politics close to the USSR went on. The phase of
liberalisation did not take long, Nagy was sent out of duty in April
1955 because anti-Soviet interests and András Hegedüs,
member of Rákosis Stalinist circle, became new Prime Minister,
the bankrupt dictatorship continued. The political climate worsened
again. When the Russian communists distanced from Stalin also the
Hungarian party top was changed. Many Hungarians demonstrated for their
rights, the head of government wanted to stop the demonstrations by
soviet troops. Reform orientated politicians intervened, government and
party top were replaced again. János Kádár leaded
the CP; Imre Nagy became Prime Minister again. They wanted to establish
a pluralistic society with multiple party system. Enterprises should
administer themselves by worker's administrations. Hungary left
the Warsaw Pact. Nagy believed in the help of the western world. The
USSR offered some liberty, but not all. The Soviet Union did not accept
this loss of a vassal state. With tanks the revolution was down-rolled,
the soviet troops were called by the new head of the party
Kádár, who succeeded to keep the power until the end of
communistic times in Hungary. Imre Nagy was kidnapped to Moscow and
condemned to death. Today he is buried in an honour grave at the
heroes' place in Budapest.
)
Teller
was born in Budapest in 1909. In Germany he studied physics since 1928
as pupil of Sommerfeld and Heisenberg. Here the Jew Teller could not
stay for long, he went off Europe and settled down in USA. There he
developed together with Gamow the thermonuclear fusion theory. Together
with Bohr, Fermi, Oppenheimer and others he developed in order of the
American government the atomic bomb and he succeeded 1952 in
development of the H-bomb. Up from 1956 Teller concentrated on the
civil use of nuclear power. His ambition in later years was not the
development of nuclear weapons, but for a defending system to stop
nuclear attacks. It has not been developed up to now. In 1990 Teller
was allowed to return to Hungary the first time. During the
democratising process he took over a reminding role and supported the
new conservative camp. Highly decorated Teller died in 2003.
)
Imre
Kertész, born on 9 November 1929 in Budapest, was established in
July 1944 and deported to Auschwitz liberated in April 1945 from the
Buchenwald concentration camp. He graduated 1948 and found a job as
journalist for the daily newspaper Világosság. This was
soon to organ of the Communist Party and he was fired during this
changes. From 1951 to 1953 he performed military service. Since 1953 he
lives as a freelance writer in Budapest. He wrote mainly musicals and
plays. 1960 begun the work on his novel Sorstalanság (1975 -
Fateless). After years of unsuccessful attempts, the book was published
in 1975 in Hungary, but got literary attention with the second edition
1985 only. His livelihood earned Imre Kertész therefore mainly
through his work as a translator. He transferred for example works by
Friedrich Nietzsche, Sigmund Freud, Hugo von Hofmannsthal, Elias
Canetti, Ludwig Wittgenstein, Joseph Roth, Arthur Schnitzler and
Tankred Dorst into Hungarian. As Sorstalanság 1995 in a new
German translation, it was celebrated as a literary event and helped
Imre Kertész to his first success. It became part
of the major works of European literature of that century. At the end
of the eighties followed A Kudarc (Fiasco - 1988), and with Kaddis a
meg nem születt gyermekért (Kaddish for a Child not Born -
1990) he completed the so-called "The Trilogy of Faithless". After
numerous other publications and awards received Imre Kertész in
autumn 2002 the Nobel Prize for Literature "for a literary work, the
fragile experience of the individual against the barbaric arbitrariness
of history claims."
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Magyar Kúria Real Estate Limited with office in Várong, nearby the thermal bath of Igal in Hungary, looks at herself not as real estate agent only, but mostly as service enterprise around the subject real estate, it doesn't matter whether used or for construction of your house or vacation-home, on your own or a by us purchased property, as a vacation-house, or for living there. On behalf a house in the tourist centres, as for example Siófok at Lake Balaton we can offer you your own farmhouse in a for village tourism interesting settlements, or just a townhouse in Kaposvár, Pécs or other towns. We will help you with your cure or vacation and also if you plan to invest between Balaton and Drava, we work for you in the komitats Somogy, Tolna and Baranya. For all questions you can contact our customers service. |
